Control system for motor vehicles



June 20, 1944. J. A. KENNEDY CONTROL' SYSTEM FOR MOTOR VEHICLES Filed Jan. 19, 1942 3 Sheets- Sheet 1 INVENTOR 7a e5 17. /Ke271?6 B J WQMKW A ORNEY Filed Jan. 19, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 June 20, 1944.

J. A. KENNEDY 2,352,104 CONTROL SYSTEM FOR MOTOR VEHICLES Filed Jan. 19, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR JZ/rzes 171 awnad Q A SI'EWT Patented June 20, 1944 :ooNmnoL:siYsTEM-moRiMo'roR v A FVEHICL'ES: r y, 1

James AfKenne'flyf Arbor: ownshi?! a Application Januarylfl, 1942;; aiimgim'gzzt I 'This invention relates to :motor :vehicles and more particularly to :animproved motor and brakecontrolsystemtherefor. V One of the :objectsm'f the'present invention.. ,is

to provideian improvedi-unitary'icontrolsystemlfor the engine and the brakes :of a: motor vehicle.

Another object f :*the: present invention :is :to provide'an:improvedmotorvehicleinawhich separate accelerator and brakezpedals-are eliminated; and woperationgof thelbrakesas well as controlz'tdf the throttle valve of the-vehicle engineiis effected withithe aidrofzasinglerpedal.

7 A :iurther object 10f .:-thepipresentjnvention is to provide an improved motorivehicleyin whichxcontrol of the .engine :andsof "the? .brakes is attained with the .-aid of .asin'gle articulated pedalatin which pedal control ;of the engine is attained with the aid-:of a. swinging :pedalmember actuated-by lightfoot movements similar to those :used for actuating a conventional accelerator pedal. while control of thew-brakes is attained with "the aid of bodily movements of the entire ..pedal structure attained byv heavier efforts-of the op erators leg, similarto those used in operating conventional brakepedals. 1

Astill further object of the :present invention is to provide an improved motor vehiclehaving means eliminating the necessity for the vehicle operator transferring his -ioot from the accelerator pedal to thebrake pedal in: cases of sudden stops and thus considerablyshortening' the time necessary for application of brakes in emergencies. I

Astill further objectof the invention is to provide an improved motor vehicle with an engine 35 having a throttle and wheelshaving brakes associated therewith, meansbeing provided toprevent application of the brakes whilethe throttle is being operated, there being also provided-means preventing objectionable opening-of the throttle 4 0 valve when the brakes .are suddenly applied.

A still further object lof theppresent invention is to provide an improved engine and brak'efcontrol'system, meansbeing 'providedto bring the engine throttle into its idling position brakes areapplied.

' A still further object ofthe invention is taprovide'animproved motor vehicle'ha-ving a single pedal for operating both theengine throttle and the brakes, :sai'd pedal being adapted to be-opero derttoi'ensurespropersand convenient operationrof theithrottle 'xbut not toipreventzeasyiand fastz'applicationiidfl brakes zwliemsuch necessity-arises. 2-Ai5stanifurther object ofitheiiriventidn..is:to:provide an improvedinintorivehicleziiavmgraniengine withithm'ttl'ei'wlvezaandriwheel2brakes; :a tsi n'gle pedal tiforitoperatingcsaid' throttle .walve :zan'dasaid brakes; mreainsiibeingc'ziprovided; :mvherebyzbrakes mayibe applieda-fro'rnianyzthrottleacontrollingspositioniofzasairbpedalti. 1e; :ivithoutW-the necessity :of netuni'ing: saidme'dah to nitszpositionvcorresponda ingizt'dizthe idlingspositiomof;:the:throttle valve.

v-m estill fnrt'h'er 3 object iof IthGlPIESGIItiiIIVEfitiOII is to provide an improved motdruzvehiclezhaving an engine with azthrottle-"valvezandwheel-brakes, a-tsingle illeflailiifdli operating; said .valvesa-nd said brakespimeans s-beingyprovidedtwhereby said :pedal may the *idepressejd' for implication of :bra-kes -=.and permittedrtos-returnitozritssextended; position without ra'afiectingnitche; idl n :po'sition zofathe throttle valve titais an'i-addednobiwt :oi;.theipresent;invention tQJPm idelaISt J-IQtH FQDf theiioregoingficharacter,

is simpleyin construction, isafie andrdependablem operation; andzisrrelatively inexpensive-ate manuiacture andservice.-i t

..-;Qther-;obiects of lthi$ nvention will-appear-in the fo low n descript on:andwappendedeclaims. reference being had- [teatime-accompanyin d awingsliiormin pa pant, ofithisspecificationwherein as "the 1- reierence haractersdesignate correspond ma a t n these eralwi w e rEig. l is; a. view showing ea-motor vehicle fembodyingtthe, resent invention, pants-tofbtheemotor iteh-icle structures-being g cut :-out in order to showt-thecons notion-thereof more clearly.

..x2 as a m r evi w: u tra in mv imp ved take1and-.= hmttle@ .alye icontrol Js m thes r ula d al; n how a in i any i xtendedr tposition and 5 H e foot rest-in' its l -re a ed po it n s r spon inetot e ld' i t position of the throttle valve. v p

1 2 isa v w e ila n p ro; I l t nefl l imWs-M ha 1 1Mii ne 9 tienw hi. he; f eq t= .s e n ep v i t l. t l fii W 2 v lre and n itintitssfullvyopengposition;

LEigJi ispa View similaruinpart-gftoFigs. land h ied -sit c v emp H -'is. ;a diagramgmatic view illustrating ;a ifi ii fiQns-tmetionz Q amv' mproved-tbrakeand a ected-by position or lther-throttle YaWeyiniO-I: th q :v lv wontrmasystemmthe mod fication for application of brakes, with the throttle valve V returned into its idling position.

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary perspective'iviewfiHus trating the throttle valve actuating bell craii and mounting bracket therefor. p I I H Before explaining in detailthe present;inven-' tion it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its applicationqto -the detailsfof' construction and arrangement of parts illus-.. v

trated in the accompanying drawings, s'iz'ie'the inventiomis .capableof other embodiments ;andofrbeing lpracticedorcarried out in various ways. Also it 'is' to UIIdEIStOOdLthflt :the: phraseology or tjerminologyem'ployed herein is' for'fthe purpose'of description and not oflimitation; tThe present'finvention isherein described as embodied 7 in a :motor. vehicle propelled by: an internal combustion .engine and'ihaving four. wheel-brakes of .Ithe hydraulic type. It will be understood; however, that .the' invention;-is not limited to vehicles having engines or brakes of the .above. specified type. but may. be usedv succ'essfully'in connection with the different types of engines and-brakes: Referring to thedrawings; and particularly to Fig. 1 thereof, the structure illustrated therein is a'motor' vehicle of th'e' passenger type, indicated generally bythenumeral llli- The motor vehicle may be of'any-suitable type, and therefore no. detailed descriptionthereof is deemed necessary herein. The vehicle includes wheels ll each pro vided with abrake mechanism generally indicated by'thenumeral l2. 1 Provision ofa brakeon each wheelis in conformity w'ith"-the present practice butit is notnecessary forp'r'oper operation of the structure embodying-the present invention; "The brakes mayfalso beof any'suitable type, -hydraulicbrakes being shown in the present instance- An'engine l3, the present instance of the' 'intemal combustiontype; is: mounted on =the-wehicl'ef structure; Connection of the engine with the driving wheels and clutch means for selectively disconnecting the engine from the'whe'ls may also be of any practical type. -"-The engine'includes an intake passage M infwhich thereis; operatively mounteda throttle 'v'alve l5. SaidthibttleValVe is adapted tof'be'fmoved between its substantially closed=or idling position and its fully open position, thereby controlling the engine from its idling condition tothe condition-infwhichit delivers itsmaximuin to I N f-"I'he throttle valve I5 is actuated with the aid of suitable'inechanism, in the present instance with the'aid of a,{bellcrank l6 hingedly mounted at IT on a 'bracket IB secured totheitloorstructure IQ of the vehicle-Ill. One leg of saidfbell crank 45,- inthe present instance the leg [6a, is-=connectedfwiththe aid of a suitable linkage shown -in' thedrawingsin a diagrammatic manher, with a"-throttle *valve [5 rotativelymounted within said passage M The lower "leg Nib of the bell crank I6 is adapted to be actuated with the ai'd'of a mechanismhereinafter described in detail i to rota'te said bell-"crank around the hinge I! in the direction to open said valve l5. In the present embodiment of the invention movements of the throttle valve l5 toward its fully open position are effected by moving the end of the lower leg lBb of the bell crank upwardly. A spring anchored on the bracket I8 is provided, said spring being adapted to act on the bell crank ligand to move it in the return direction, thereby' erisuring the; return of the throttle valve [5 into its substantially closed or idling position when the valve opening force ceases to "a'ct on the leg l6b.

' In accordance with the invention means are provided to actuate the bell crank [6 for moving the throttle valve l5in the opening direction, the spring 12a being depended upon for returning said throttle valve l5 into its idling position, as mentioned; In-accordance with the invention said means are provided on a single articulated pedal,

which pedal is used both for operating the brakes of the vehicle as well as the engine thereof to control said-throttle'yalve [5. .In the present embodiment of the invention the single pedal struc tureprovided for controlling the engine and the brakesof the vehicle carriesa rotatively mounted member; rotation of .which operates to move SP6. cial crank means so asto actuate the bell crank 16 in the valve opening direction. Said rotative movements are operative for controlling the throttle valve l5 only, while bodily movements of the entire pedal-structure produced by the pressure of the operators foot thereon are efiective to operate only the" brakes 'of the vehicle. More particularly, the articulated pedal is so constructedthatbodily movements thereof are inoperative to efiect controlling movements of the throttle valve 15, and as soon-as the pedal structure is 'moved for application of the brakes l2, the spring 20 becomes effective to move the bell crank [6 for returning-the:throttle valve l5 into its-idling position. In orderto attain the above results; the articulated pedal structure comprises ailjent stem having-one end hingedly mounted on the vehiclestructure asshown at 26. On said end of the stem 25 there-is' provided a tooth or crank 2l adapted to act on-a1 plunger 28 of a hydrauliom'as'ter cylinder -29 of the hydraulic brake system. The oppo site end of the stem 25 passes through an opening 30 provided in the floor structure I9 of the vehicle, and it carries 'a foot rest 3 l hingedly mountedthereon as shown at 32; A brake' spring 33 isprovided, said spring being adapted, unless opposedby the foot pressure on'the foot rest 3i',fto maintain said pedal structure'inits fully extended position'as shown inFig. 2 Said-extended position of the brake pedal' structure may be; determined, or fixed with the-aidof any suitable stop means provided on the" vehicle structure, such for. instance as with the aid of a stop', 3 4 contacted by the tooth 21: in the fully extended position of the. pedal. It ;wi ll now be clear in View of the foregoing that. Whenfobt'pressureis applied'tothe foot rest- 31, whichioot'pres's'ure. exceeds and overcomesthe, resistance of the brake spring 33, the entire pedal structure may be movedaround the' hinge 26 as a center iromits fully extended position shown "in- Fig. 2 ;toward a nd,into its jully retracted-positionshown injigl 4.1 In the gprocess of such move-; ment the tooth 21 forces the plunger '28 into. the master: cylinder ,29, thereby: creating .hydraulic' pressure ..within the brake system and thus operatingto apply brakes. When; on the other hand; fo'o't pressure on the footiest 3 l' cease's, the'sprin'g exec-n04 33 becomes capableof returning thepedal structure from its fully retracted position-finto its fully extended position. Thus operation o'f the brakes iseffected -by bodily -movements-;ofthe entire pedal structure. v

- Operation of the throttle valve l-5 and control of-the-engine is attained with the aid of rotative movements-of the foot-rest 3l. 'Said ioot'rest '3l is mountedonthestem- 25 of 'thepedal structure for' a limited-rotative movement between-its fully released position shown in Fig. 2 -arid'-full y'-depressed position "shown in -Fig. 3. For the purpose of clarity oflterminology herein "employed, itshould be noted at this point that-with respectto the -rotative movements' of the foot --rest --3l the extreme positions thereof :will be referred to as fully released and fully depressed positions thereof, while with respect to the entire pedal structure, i the terms used to indicate extreme p'ositionsthereof are fully extended and fully retracted positions. The 'extreme limitsof the fully released and'fully depressedpositions of the foot rest -3I are determiriedby the 'a-ngularly related surfaces 35 and 3B provided'onthe bent end of the stem 25. Surface 35 serves as a s to'p' "for the foot rest 3| in the fully depressed position thereof, while the surface 36 serves as a stop for said -foot-*rest 31' in the fully released position thereof.

The-rotative-or-swinging movements of the foot res't3l: are transmitted with 'the aid of arod 40 to a -crank 4l hingedly mounted as at on the bracket "43 secured to-andcarried by the pedal stem25. Thus when the footrest '3 Iis depressed to cause its rotativemovement into the position shown in Fig.'-'3, the rod 40 rotates-the crank 4| --around the hinge -4-2, and said crank presses on-=the leg lfib-of the bell-crank "l6 to bring the throttle valve |5-intoits-ful1y open position. .As the-foot rest "3| 'is 'mo'vedor depressed-to bring itinto any'intermediate position between its: fully released an'd fullydepressed positions; the throttle valve l5 willcorre spondingly be moved to a defi-' niteiintermediate position between its idling positioniand itsiully open position.

- *When 'the' -foot pressure on the footrest 3| be comes strong enoughto overcome the-resistance ofithe brake-spring 33, the entire pedal structure moves bodily around the hinge 26 as a-center,

carrying with. it the'bracket 43 and the crank 4|. r

,ilvfhenzsuch bodily movement of the brake pedal is efiected, the:crank- 4l loses contact with the bell crank 16' and moves toward the-position shown in Fig. 4. When thebelicra'nk I6 is not acted upon-by the crank 4|,the spring 2Uacts to return the throttle valve I5 into its idling position. Itshould-be noted that when application'of brakes is 'done'from an-open-or partially open position of the valve 1 5 and; consequently; from depressed or partially depressedpositionof the foot rest 4|, for the-first-few moments of the bodily movement of the pedal structuretoward' its .retracted position, the'contact of the crank'4l and bell crank 16 continues-but because of the bodily movement-of the crank 4| thefbell crank rotates toward its positidn'indicated in Fig.4, thereby returning the throttleyalve l5 toward its'idling position. "Ihusjas soon as the pedal structure is moved bodily for application of brakes,the thr'ot tle valve "is automatically brought into iits idling position; When after. application-of brakes ;the pedal structure is permitted, by withdrawin'githe ioct.;to 'ret'urn Ito its fully extended position which :,retur r 1" movementlis. effected 'by the action of the spring the crank '41 is returnediiby the action of a spring 44 into its position corresponding! to the idling positions of -the bell crank- I 6 and the throttlezvalve l 5. 3 Therefore, when con tinued movement of theipedal structure brings the .crarik :4 I i-in :contac't' a'vith the -bell :c-rank 4 6', the same idoesnot cper ate' to open the hrottle [valve ,1'5, I I I; a; In.:.accor danceiwithithe.1invention, rneans" provided .toi support Eithe pedal structure iu its fully 'extended'epbsition where only operation of th ithrottle walve Y 15 "is desired and where itF-is desirable and 5 necessary to preventthe entire pedal ..str.ucture frommoving: bodily ifrom sai'd position zunder the weight of the oper'at'ors foot or :under themressure thereof necessary to produce rotative movements :oh the. foot rest 3L In the present embodiment-of. .the invention said means comprise; a springz-and-ball devicegcarried by the bracketafl.'andztherefore movable with the stem: 25. .rsaidmeansxcomprise .atube bracket '45 which carries two balls 46::andr 41sacte'd upon' by a compression (spring 48, tending to i-move said balls outwardly... rlnzorder atorretain .thelballs in the tubethe edges. otthe tube bracket 45:.are1bent or. rolled inwardly. thereofdasz: shown at. i49mafter the-balls and spring areinserted therein; The upper ball: 46;ispadapted inthe fully extendedapo sition ofthe pedal structurerto iengageaa depr'ession or indentation provided inztheyehicle. structure, said indentation being :of :such ,a' character that it requires ai predetermined -forcei to move said device; and consequently. the bracket 43 .and stem 25. from their. respective; positions at which said ball is in-pos ition to engagesaid indentation. In the present embodiment iofthe invention ithe depression isiurnished by .azhole 50. provided in the .bracket [8. Thus when the pedal is. "in' -its fully extended "position, =the.-'s'pring-a nd-ball device described aboves.-,operates;to supportthepedal in said position unless :and until a strong depressing. force is applied tothe-pedal structure, as is. the case .When vitlbecomes necessary to apply brakes. :Whenlsuch strong-force is applied to the pedal through'the foot rest 3| thereof, the bal1 '46 is pressed inwardly of its tube-bracket 45 and the pedal may "move. bodily forapplication of brakes. On the return'movement of-the pedal the spring 33 carries the 'ball 46 overthe edges of the "depression or indentation provided by the; hole and again br ings the pedal'into-itsfully extended position; in which position it" is s pported by the above described device.

lvleans are provided whereby the force produced by -the spring and-ball device and supporting -the"peda1"structure against the forces necessary to operate "the foot rest '3' forfactuating the throttle "valve l5-is increasedas'said throttle valve is *moved toward its fully. open" position. In the present embodiment of the 'invenq- I tion said meansare representedby the spring 48 and a cam portion 5l'provided on the crank 4|. The cam portion'5l is so shaped that as. the foot rejstis actuatedto move thethrottle valve l5 towardits'fully open position, said cam portion-5| presses the ball'4l inwardlyofthe tube and compresses theisprinlg' 48 ,stillf-urther. :Because of greater compression .of thespring 48,.the .upper ball 46 presses into; the hole 50 :witha greater force; and,therefore it requires correspondingly greater-force .to move said ball-out .of the hole 50. By virtue of;asuch a. construction, undesirable applicatiomof :-bra .$es-When'-the foot.:rest =3! is suddenly :forced in; for:acceleratingzthevehicle,such

asmay happen after :the trafflic lighhchan eais prevented. 1i... i 2 :1: Figs.- 5 to-7- illustrate a structure similar to that described in Figs. 1. to 4.but.- havingpedal supportingmeansof a modiiiedcharacter. :In itslother particulars said modifiedstructureis similar to the structure described inisaid Figs. ;1 to.:.4; and therefore only those parts of the structure of Figs.,5 to 7 will-bedescribed=in detail which include; such;modification. ..A1so, parts of both of said; structures whichare ,simllaryin their construction are designated by theesame numerals.

In thestructure illustrated inrFigs; 5..to..7;in'- clusive, instead of the spring-,arideball-idevice used ingthe-structure, of Eigs. llto 4,.azfingeri5 care ried by a tube bracket .56. isemployed- Saidfinger 55 has onegendhaving a .rolleracontacting a cam portion SI-substantiallytisimilaritc the cam portion ;5,l. of the structure.shownlinFigs. 1 to 4.; ;A.-.tension.spring. 58 ,mountedzon the'tube bracket.-;5.6-.tends to maintain said finger in its fully: retracted position shown. in 'Fig....5. I Said cam portion 51 isso-shaped that :when the foot rest 131i is.in its fully .released A position, the finger 55ri's about torcome into engagement with atooth 5.9 mounted ronlthe bracket'finiwas is 'best shown in'FigsfIBy the action 'of a spring fil said tooth is maintained in. position sho'wn in sam- Fig. '7 being pressed against said spring; I. (having such permanent 'set as not to be ableto-move the tooth 59:further to-the right than shown in Figs. -5t0 7 by -aweaker spring 62 provided on said bracket 60-: However; said tooth -maybemoved to.:the.'left (in-Fig: 7) against the resistance of thesprin'g GI, Thus when the pedalstructure is in its fully: extended 1 position" with the foot rest 3| inits fullyireleased position iwhich conditions correspond to the idling position of the throttle valve; I 5, said device: does not provide'any support for the pedal structure and the same is held in its. fully extended positionionly by the action of the brake spring 33. Therefore-the brakes maybe applied with a very ,zgentleforce of the foot However, assoon .as the ,foot rest 3|. is moved to operate the throttleLvalva'and to move the same toward its open position, the cam portion-5f! operatesgto move the-,finger 55 to engage said tooth 5 9-and thereforetotexert on the pedal structure a yielding force capable of; supporting said pedalstructureand preventing-the possibi ty of bodily movements thereof due to the throttle operating foot-pressure exerted on the foot rest 3|. When, however, strong brake applying pressure is exerted ,on .the pedal structure, the? finger 55 :moves the tooth '59 against action of .the spring BI, and the entire ,pedal structure may be bodily moved-for application of the brakes similarly to the pedal structure illustrated inFigs. ;1 to inclusive. When the pedal structure moves lntofposition 'shown' inFig. 6, the throttle valve is automatically returnedintoits' idling position,

and the finger. 55 isalso moved into its retracted position. Therefore when after application of the brakes "the pedal structure returns, because of'the action of the brake spring 33, intoits fully extendedposition, the finger ,55 clears the tooth 59 and may be returnedinto its'original position without being caught bythe tooth 59. ,1 q

-In order to prevent-catching of the finger55 by-tl e' tooth -59 and detaining; the pedal structur'e'by said-tooth in cases whlere theoperator presses the 'foot restbefore'the pedal structure returns i'nto'its fully extended position, the top Offf'bh finger is slanted as -shownat 63, and

thereto're under such conditions the tooth 59 acts 75' as a cam permitting the pedal structure to come into its fully extended position. The spring 62 operates under such conditions to carry the tooth 59 over the slanted top of the finger 55. With respect to other features of construction, the structure illustrated in Figs. 5 to 7 is similar to the structuredescribed in Figs. 1- to 4, and no further description thereof is deemed necessary.

There is thus provided an improved motor vehicle having a single member, such as the foot rest 3|, for controlling both the throttle valve and thebrakes of said vehicle, which memberis capable of two types of movement, first, rotative movement around a stationary center, in the present instance the hinge 32; and second, bodily movement through a predetermined distance for application of brakes. These two types of movementsare similar to those with which conventional separate accelerator and brake pedals are operated, but in the present construction they are brought together into one locality and a single articulated pedal, whereby the objects of the present invention and numerous additional advantages are attained.

' I' clair'n'i' I 1.In a motor vehicle having an engine and Wheels, a throttle valve controlling said engine, brakes acting on said wheels for slowing down and stopping said vehicle, a single pedal structure comprising a stem hinged on the vehicle structure and connected to the brakes for operating the same and a foot rest hingedly mounted on saidstern for limited rotative movement thereon and connected to the throttle valve, means associated with said foot rest, said means being adapted inthe fully extended Position of the stem to connect said foot rest to said throttle valve for actuating said valve in response to ro-. tative movements of said foot rest, said means being further adapted to. disconnect said foot rest from said throttle valve as said pedal structure is depressed to move said stem for applica-. tion of brakes, and means to support said stem inthe fully extended position thereof and to prevent brake applying movement thereof until the force on said stern reaches a predetermined magnitude, vand means increasing the resistance .of saidstem s'upporting means as the throttle valve is moved toward its iullyopen position.

2. In .a rnotor vehicle having anv enginejand wheels). a throttle. valve. controlling saidzengine, brakes acting on said wheelsfor. slowing down andstopping said vehicle,- a singl pedal .struc-; ture' comprising a a stem; hinged. on the .vehicle structure and connected to the brakes for opertr ms the same and: a toot-rest hingedly mounted on said stem tor a limited rotative movement thereon; and connectedto the throttle valve, means associated with said foot rest, said means being adapted in the fullyextended position of theste'r'n to connect said foot rest tosaid throttle valvel foif actuating said valvein response, torotative'niovements' of said toot rest, saidmeans being. further" adaptedtto disconnect said foot rest ,ironisaidthr'otfle valve as said pedal. struc tureis depressedto movesaid stem forapplieation .of ibrz'ikes, and a' fsprin'g -and-ball.means mounted on said stem and adapted in the fully extended positionof thefstem to engage'an ing dentation provided on the vehicle structure and thereby to resist brake lap'plying movement ofs'aidjste'n until the forceactin'g thereonlreaehes a. ,n d t min agn t de n m an ad ed to increase the deflectionof said spring-andba'll.

means as the foot rest is' moved in the fully ex.

I return said throttle valve into its idling position,

a single articulated pedal structure comprising a stem having one end hingedly mounted on the vehicle structure for swinging movements between its fully retracted and extended positions and connected to said brakes for operating the same, and a foot rest hingedly mounted on the other end of said stem for limited rotative movements thereon, crank means carried by said stem and connected to said foot rest to be actuated thereby, said crank means being adapted in the fully extended position of said stem to contact said hinged member and to operate the same by exerting a force thereon in response to the rotative movements of said foot rest, said crank means being further adapted to lose contact with said hinged member relieving said force when the stem is swung toward its fully retracted position for application of brakes, and a device including a cam-'and-follower mechanism associated with said crank means, said device being adapted to be moved by said crank means in depressed positions of said foot rest to support the same bodily but not rotatively against the action of the foot rest depressing forces. I

4. In a motor vehicle having an engine and wheels, a throttle valve controlling said engine, a hinged member connected to said throttle valve and adapted When acted upon by an extraneous force to move said valve toward its fully open position, spring means associated with said member and adapted when unopposed by said force to return said throttle valve into its idling position, a single articulated pedal structure comprising a-stem having one end hingedly mounted on the vehicle structure for swinging movements between its fully retracted and extended positions and connected to said brakes for operating the same, and a foot rest hingedly mounted on the other end of said stem for limited rotative movements thereon, crank means carried by said stem and connected to said foot rest to be actuated thereby, said crank means being adapted in the fully extended position of said stem to contact said hinged member and to operate the same by exerting a force thereon in response to the rotative movements of said foot rest, said crank means being further adapted to lose contact with said hinged member relieving said force when the stem is swung toward its fully retracted position for application ofbrakes, anda device including a cam-and-follower mechanism associated with said crank means, said device being adapted to be moved by said crank means in depressed positions of said foot rest to support the same bodily but not rotatively against the action of the foot rest depressing forces, said device being further adapted to be inoperative so as to support said foot rest in the fully released position thereof.

JAMES A. KENNEDY. 

